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Apologetics

The word "apologetics" comes from the Greek word "apologia," pronounced, "ap-ol-og-ee’-ah." It means, "a verbal defense." It is used eight times in the New Testament: Acts 22:1; 25:16; 1 Cor. 9:3; 2 Cor. 7:11; Phil. 1;7; 2 Tim. 4:16, and 1 Pet. 3:15. But it is the last verse that is most commonly associated with Christian apologetics.
"....but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence," (1 Pet. 3:15, NASB). 
  

Articles from CARM.ORG

Evidence supporting the Bible

Answers to Questions about the Bible

Evidence supporting biblical manuscripts

Evidence supporting Jesus' existence

Answers to objections concerning Jesus' miracles and resurrection

Answers to Questions about Jesus

Other Objections answered

Answers to Questions about other things

  • If God is all powerful and loving, why is there suffering in the world?
  • A loving God would never send anyone to hell.
  • It is intolerant to say that Christianity is the only true religion.
  • Why did animals have to die for the sins of Adam and Eve and others?
  • Why would God have to die to save people from Himself?
  • If God is not the author of confusion, what about the Tower of Babel?
  • If babies go to heaven when they die, why is abortion wrong?

    The articles hyperlinked below cover various topics.


    General apologetics topics


    On what issues should Christians stand firm or hold loosely?

    Is there any Biblical basis for the New Age or Reincarnation?

    How does Christianity differ from the other monotheistic religions, Islam and modern Judaism?

    How can we defend absolute truth and morality against post-modernism and moral relativism?


    Why should the Bible be trusted?

    Is there evidence that the Bible is the inerrant word of God, rather than mere stories and opinions of uninspired men?

    Where did the individual OT books come from, and how were they combined to form the OT?

    Are there answers to skeptical attacks against the Bible?

    Can the Bible mean anything we want? Or are there clear rules for interpreting it?

    Are there special codes embedded in the Scriptures that can be used to predict the future?


    God Questions and Answers

    Does God exist?

    Is one God really three persons?

    How can an all-good God allow evil in the world?

    What about the attributes and names of God?


    Jesus Christ Questions and Answers

    Is Jesus really God?

    What is the evidence that Jesus ever existed?

    Did Jesus Christ really rise from the dead?

    Was Christ really born of a virgin? Are there answers to the sceptical objections?

    Did Jesus fulfill any prophecies?

    Is it rational to believe in Jesus’ miracles?

    Jesus Seminar: Facts or fallacies? Is the Gospel of Thomas reliable?

    Was Christianity just copied from pagan mythology?

    What is the difference between Gnosticism and Christianity?

    Why is Jesus Christ given the title of ‘the last Adam’ in 1 Corinthians 15:45?


    Are near death experiences real?

    Is there really a hell where the unsaved will be eternally punished?

    Can someone be a creationist and a scientist? How was a Christian world view responsible for the development of modern science?

    Quantum mechanics — What is it, and how does it fit with the Bible?


    Philosophy Questions and Answers

    Why does philosophy seem to be dominated by humanistic, anti-God thinking? Have many philosophers throughout history believed in God?

    Why are logic and reason important for Christians?

    How is evolution linked to the lack of moral values, and the increase of violence in our society today?

    How are evolution and materialism related? Is evolution a type of religion?


  • Creation: Why It Matters

    General Topics:

    How does the creation/evolution debate affect the church? Can Christians believe both?

    Can Christians who don’t accept a literal view of Genesis still be effective witnesses for Christ?

    How have evolutionary ideas contributed to enormous violence, bloodshed and misery in the world?

    What about movies and books that portray humanism and evolution as ‘good’; and the Bible and creation as ‘evil’. How should Christians respond to this?

    What is ‘Creation Evangelism’, and why is it so effective in reaching today’s evolutionistic, humanistic world with the Gospel?

    What Biblical evidence for creation can be presented to a Christian who doesn’t accept Genesis?


    ‘Young’ age of the Earth & Universe Q&A

    Survey:

    Astronomy

    What do comets tell us about the age of the solar system?

    Is there evidence that the planets in our solar system are only thousands of years old, instead of the millions of years claimed by evolutionists? What about the age of stars?

    How old is the moon?

    How old is the sun?

    See also Astronomy

    Atmospheric Science

    What features of earth’s atmosphere are inconsistent with billions-of-years belief?

    Botany

    Can tree rings reveal how long ago Noah’s Flood took place? What about the Huon pine trees that the media claims could be as much as 30,000 years old?

    Geology

    General:

    Is there any geologic evidence that, contrary to evolutionary ideas, supports a young age for the earth?

    What about the dating of fossils by evolutionists, who claim they are ‘millions of years old’?

    Doesn’t it take millions of years for caves to form?

    How long does it take for coal formation? What about the argument that there is too much coal for a young earth?

    See also Geology

    Glaciology

    Does the great depth of some glaciers indicate that the earth is millions of years old?

    Human History

    Have archaeologists truly found Aboriginal artefacts that are about 176,000 years old? What was the dating method, and is it considered reliable?

    Are human population growth studies an indicator of antiquity or youth of humanity?

    Can all people be genetically traced back to one woman ancestor, as the ‘mitochondrial Eve’ hypothesis claims? How about tracing all people back to one common male ancestor?

    Oceanography

    Does it take a long time for coral reefs to form?

    What oceanographic evidence points to a young age for the oceans?

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    About Max Lucado

    Max Lucado has touched millions with his signature storytelling writing style. Awards and accolades follow Max with each book he writes. Max is the first author to win the Gold Medallion Christian Book of the Year three times—1999 for Just Like Jesus, 1997 for In the Grip of Grace and 1995 for When God Whispers Your Name.  In 2005, Reader’s Digest dubbed him “America’s Best Preacher.”  In addition, he has been an ECPA Gold Medallion finalist with more titles than any other author in the industry.

    In 1994, he became the only author to have 11 of his twelve books in print simultaneously appear on paperback, hardcover and children's CBA bestseller lists. Lucado set a new industry record by concurrently placing nine different Word Publishing titles on the CBA Hardcover Bestseller List in both March and April 1997. Max Lucado is a fixture on the national bestseller lists – a Max Lucado title has appeared on the CBA hardcover bestseller list every month for the past dozen years. He has appeared on the Publishers Weekly, USA Today and New York Times bestseller lists.  He has won eight ECPA Gold Medallion awards.

    In addition to his nonfiction books, Lucado has authored several award-winning children's titles including,
    Just In Case You Ever Wonder, The Crippled Lamb, Alabaster's Song and the award-winning You Are Special.   Max is also the author of Hermie: A Common Caterpillar, and the Max Lucado’s Hermie and Friends collection of books and DVD’s are quickly becoming a fixture on bestseller lists.  He also served as the general editor for the best-selling Lucado Study Bible and God's Inspirational Promise Book

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    Image Hosted by ImageShack.us God loves you. Personally. Powerfully. Passionately. Others have promised and failed. But God has promised and succeeded. He loves you with an unfailing love. And His love--if you will let it--can fill you and leave you with a love worth giving. Based on 1 Corinthians 13.

    Image Hosted by ImageShack.us Author Max Lucado proclaims the grace of God to be "the greatest discovery of my life." And he wants to share that discovery by taking us on a journey through the mountaintop truths found in Paul's letter to the Romans. "Romans is the grandest treatise on grace ever written. You'll find the air fresh and the view clear."

    Image Hosted by ImageShack.usJust Like Jesus: Learning to Have a Heart Like His. God loves you just the way you are, but He refuses to leave you there. He wants you to be just like Jesus. Isn't that good news? You aren't stuck with today's personality. You are changeable...

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    Image Hosted by ImageShack.us In this compelling quest for the Messiah, Max Lucado presents a poignant narrative that sheds new light on a story readers thought they already knew by heart: the story of Christ's crucifixion.

    Check Out Max Lucado Website

     

     

    Antiquities of the Jews.    The War of the Jews.    Against Apion.   The Life.    Discourse To The Greeks Concerning Hades


    Fox

    HIS IS a book that will never die -- one of the great English classics. . . . Reprinted here in its most complete form, it brings to life the days when "a noble army, men and boys, the matron and the maid," "climbed the steep ascent of heaven, 'mid peril, toil, and pain."

    "After the Bible itself, no book so profoundly influenced early Protestant sentiment as the Book of Martyrs. Even in our time it is still a living force. It is more than a record of persecution. It is an arsenal of controversy, a storehouse of romance, as well as a source of edification."

    Sketches of Church History.

    An in depth chronology of the Church from AD 33 to the Reformation.
     
     

    OHN BUNYAN was born in 1628 at Elstow near Bedford, the son of a brazier. Between 1644 and 1647 he served in the Parliamentary army; returning to Elstow to follow his father's trade, he underwent a deep spiritual crisis that lasted for several years. In about 1653 he joined an independent church in Bedford and before long began to preach and to publish polemical and doctrinal religious works. In 1660, following the Restoration, he was arrested and, on his refusal to stop preaching, was held in Bedford gaol for the next twelve years. While in prison, he published several books, the most important being his spiritual autobiography, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666), and also began to write The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). On his release from prison in 1672 Bunyan became pastor of the Bedford congregation and the remaining years of his life were spent preaching and writing. The best-known of his later works are The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), The Holy War (1682) and the second part of The Pilgrim's Progress (1684) He died in 1688 and was buried in Bunhill Fields.

    Grace Abounding
    Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, written during this imprisonment, is the spiritual autobiography of Bunyan, the traveling tinker who became the eminent preacher and author

    The Pilgrim Progress
    Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim's Progress, in two parts, of which the first appeared at London in 1678, begun during his imprisonment in 1676; the second in 1684. An allegory of Christian's journey from the City of Destruction to the Celestial City, it is written in a prose that unites biblical eloquence with the clarity of common speech, and is the most successful allegory ever written. It is indeed commonly translated by Protestant missionaries after the Bible. It is this read in all literary languages and is a worldclassic.

    The Holy War
    John Bunyan wrote this book sometime during the first six years of his incarceration in Bedford Prison. It was first published six years before John Bunyan's death

    The Life Of John Bunyan
    The Life of John Bunyan, by Edmund Venables

    Our earliest extensively preserved Latin Christian author [140-230], who aligned himself around 207 with the "Montanist" Christian movement that was considered "heretical" by the representatives of emerging mainstream Christianity

    The Apparel of Women (AD 197)

    To the Martyrs (AD 197)

    Spectacles (AD 197)

    Prayer (AD 200)

    St. Augustine
    The Confessions of St. Augustine -- The most popular work of the man who more than any other shaped western civilization. The first 10 chapters constitute a spiritual autobiography and some spiritual and philosophical reflections; the last three chapters are a reflection on the creation story of Genesis 1.
    John Bunyan
    Pilgrim's Progress -- A spiritual allegory. Of books written in English, one of the all-time most popular.
     
     
    G. K. Chesterton
    Orthodoxy -- Chesterton's writing reminds me of C.S. Lewis, but a little more colorful, a little more quirky. This book is an apology for the Christian world-view.
     
     
    Jonathan Edwards
    Religious Affections -- "What is the nature of true religion? . . . [What are] the distinguishing notes of that virtue and holiness that is acceptable in the sight of God?" In this classic work by America's greatest theologian and philosopher, Edwards considers the nature of revival and the genuine work of the Holy Spirit. Don't read this book if you want to keep worshipping your idols.
     
     
    George Fox
    Autobiography of George Fox -- This is a fascinating journal of the exploits of the founder of the Society of Friends (Quakers). It is also very illuminating about the political and religious state of seventeenth century England -- for example, Fox lives through the commonwealth period, meets Cromwell, and prophesies his downfall after he treats Quakers badly.
     
     
    St. Ignatius of Loyola
    The Spiritual Exercises Spiritual exercises arranged into 4 weeks, by the founder of the Jesuits.
     
     
    St. John of the Cross
    Dark Night of the Soul -- The writings of St. John of the Cross are unsurpassed for mystical theology. The "dark night" is a must-read for anyone seriously concerned about growing spiritually.
     
     
    Thomas à Kempis
    The Imitation of Christ -- This book is said to have been published in more editions than any other, apart from the Bible, with 6000 appearing by the turn of this century. This little devotional book is simply written but immensely moving. Highly recommended.
     
     
    William Law
    A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life -- This is one of two or three books that greatly influenced the young J. Wesley.
     
     
    Brother Lawrence
    The Practice of the Presence of God -- In this little collection of letters and reflections, Brother Lawrence encourages us to be continually in God's presence.
     
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    Where Should I Go to Church?
           from Dose of Truth

    There is no doubt that the desire of God in His Word is that the church gather together corporately. The very definition of the word church (ekklesia) implies that we assemble ourselves together. The word was used generally to mean, "A gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public place, an assembly"…

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